Juvenile arthritis (JA) refers to a range of conditions in children causing symptoms like joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Some forms even impact the eyes and other organs.
The most prevalent type is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), which presents in various forms:
Oligoarticular JIA: Affects a limited number of joints.
Polyarticular JIA: Involves five or more joints.
Systemic JIA: Impacts joints and organs, including the heart and liver.
Enthesitis-related JIA: Targets tendons, ligaments, and occasionally the spine.
Temporomandibular (TMJ) JIA: Centers on the jaw.
It's crucial to initiate the appropriate treatment early on to manage inflammation, ease pain, prevent any potential damage, ensure joint mobility, aim for inflammation-free results in tests, and help children lead normal lives, including school and extracurriculars.
While medications play a foundational role in treatment, integrating lifestyle changes like diet and physical therapy is equally vital. Children may benefit from consulting a team of experts, such as a rheumatologist for joint concerns and an ophthalmologist for eye-related issues.
Collaborating with your child's healthcare team is key to identifying the most suitable treatment plan.
Medications play a pivotal role in treating Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Using the right medication is crucial to prevent potential damage to joints and possibly other organs. Here's a brief overview of the various medicines your child might be prescribed:
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): Often the first go-to recommendation by doctors. While some like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Naprosyn) can be purchased without a prescription, others may require one. They are beneficial in reducing inflammation and alleviating pain. However, for extended use, there might be side effects like stomach issues or bruising.
Corticosteroids: Injecting these directly into inflamed joints can provide immediate relief from inflammation and pain. If prescribed orally, the dose will be minimal and short-term to avoid potential side effects such as impeding growth or weakening bones.
DMARDs (Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs): If NSAIDs or steroids aren't making the cut, your doctor might recommend a DMARD. These drugs regulate the immune system to slow down JIA's progression and prevent further joint damage. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) is a commonly prescribed DMARD for JIA.
Biologics: When traditional treatments aren't quite enough or if JIA is particularly aggressive, biologics might be the next step. Doctors often prescribe TNF inhibitors like Adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel), or golimumab (Simponi Aria). Other options might include canakinumab (Ilaris) or tocilizumab (Actemra). The choice of biologic will be based on your child's specific type of JIA, your doctor's recommendations, and both your and your child's comfort levels.
Kids with JA can lead normal lives, attending school, enjoying playtime with buddies, and engaging in sports and various activities. Collaborating with a dedicated team, including physical and occupational therapists, social workers, and other experts, can guide them in handling pain, tiredness, and any associated challenges.
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